Abstract
An archetypal study is presented to correlate both the optical and the photoacoustic (PA) properties for a diverse selection of dyes whose structural properties range across organic and inorganic, symmetric and asymmetric, and neutral and cationic systems. Three distinct classes of molecular PA contrast agents have been identified and classified according to their optical-PA response as either (i) linear absorbers linear PA emitter, (ii) saturable absorbers weak PA emitter, or (iii) reverse saturable absorbers nonlinear PA emitter. The molecular characteristics instrumental in determining the nature of the dyes optical absorption properties, i.e., ground state molar extinction coefficient (eg), excited state molar extinction coefficient (ee), and excited state lifetime (τ), are discussed to aid in the interpretation of a molecule’s optical vs PA response. An excellent linear PA emitter is established in crystal violet, which exhibits the strongest possible PA signal under low laser fluence conditions in b...
Published Version
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