Correlation of clinical and laboratory parameters of acute glomerulonephritis in children

Abstract

Background: The present study was conducted to study the clinical and laboratory parameters of acute glomerulonephritis in children admitted in the department of Pediatrics, Katuri Medical College and Hospital, Guntur.Methods: A prospective study was done at Katuri Medical College and Hospital in all children who are clinically diagnosed edema, oliguria, Cola coloured urine and hypertension. Children presenting with Oliguria, Oedema, Haematuria, Hypertension, Pharyngitis or skin lesions were included, both genders male and female. 50 cases of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis were evaluated by taking detailed history, thorough clinical examination and appropriate investigation were done for establishment of diagnosis. Lab investigations, CUE, RFT, ASO titres, Serum Complement were done. All the statistical analysis was performed by using EPI INFO 3.5-1. The results were expressed as percentages. Test of significance was done by chi square test. P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: 4156 cases were admitted, out of which 50 cases were having acute glomerulonephritis comprising of 1.2%. The incidence of glomerulonephritis was more from July to December. The sex ratio from male to female is 1.17:1. The incidence of glomerulonephritis was more in children coming from low socio-economic families. Signs wise analysis of glomerulonephritis, it was observed that puffiness of face, edema feet and hypertension were the common features. Incidence of hyper tension were more in male children than female children. The incidence of edema and proteinuria are the commonest clinical presentation. The comparison between incidence of oliguria and blood urea is statistically significant. 1/4th of patients of oliguria are associated with increase serum creatinine level.Conclusions: Acute glomerulonephritis is completely a preventable and completely curable disease if proper precaution is like personal hygiene is observed. Proper knowledge of pathophysiology of glomerulonephritis is important for proper management, institution on appropriate treatment and careful follow up of cases are the corner stones for successful outcome of patients.