Abstract
Introduction: Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) was reported to be up-regulated in various inflammatory diseases as well as in periodontal disease. The important role of E-cadherin against bacterial invasion has already been established in the junctional epithelium. This study aimed to evaluate the potential value of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) and E-cadherin as salivary diagnostic markers in patients with progressive chronic periodontitis. Material and method: A total of 79 subjects 41 females and 38 males, divided into 4 groups: healthy group (HG), early generalized chronic periodontitis group (EGP), moderate generalized chronic periodontitis group (MGP) and advanced generalized chronic periodontitis group (AGP), were included in the study. Enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was used for quantification of sTREM-1 and E-cadherin in the saliva samples. Clinical and periodontal parameters were recorded and statistical analysis, using SPSS version 25.0, was performed. Results: Elevated salivary sTREM-1 levels were evident in EGP, MGP and AGP compared to the HG. Statistically significant differences in sTREM-1 concentrations were found between HG and AGP. Salivary E-cadherin was found to be upregulated during the progression of periodontal disease and statistically significant differences were found between HG and MPG. Conclusion: Salivary sTREM-1 may be considered a new biomarker in chronic periodontitis progression. E-cadherin, although detected, does not seem to have diagnostic value at salivary level in chronic adult periodontitis.
Highlights
Bronchiectasis is a common chronic debilitating respiratory condition with permanent airway damage that leads to patients having recurrent cough, sputum production and recurrent chest infections
There was no significant reduction in H. influenzae density between specimens processed immediately after collection and the specimens stored at room temperature from 2 to 48 hours
Further studies incorporating a patient empowerment model considering the patient as the key member of the health team and care managers as key health care collaborators may enhance and support services to patients provided by physicians in the primary health care system and facilitate sputum processing [7]
Summary
Bronchiectasis is a common chronic debilitating respiratory condition with permanent airway damage that leads to patients having recurrent cough, sputum production and recurrent chest infections. This study aims to identify the optimum time, temperature and medium for the storage of samples from patients with bronchiectasis chronically infected with H. influenzae. The aim of the study was to assess the optimum sputum storage conditions for the isolation of Haemophilus influenzae from microbiological culture in patients with bronchiectasis. 11 patient sputum samples were collected and stored for 2, 4, 6, 24 and 48 hours at room temperature and for 24 and 48 hours at 4°C, -20°C or -70°C before processing. After 7 days of storage, only the sample stored at -70°C in glycerol (5.2×107c.f.u. ml-1) showed no significant difference in the density of H. influenzae compared to processing right after collection (1.2×108c.f.u. ml-1) and viable rates of 91%. Conclusion: The optimum conditions for sputum storage and processing for the isolation of H. influenzae from bronchiectasis patients are the storage at room
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