Correlation of Blood Pressure with Microalbuminuria and Dyslipidaemia in Patients with Essential Hypertension: A Case-control Study

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) is one of the most common disease affecting the people around the world. Microalbuminuria and dyslipidaemia has been considered as an early indicator of vascular damage, endothelial dysfunction and renal disease. Studies, conducted to evaluate microalbuminuria, dyslipidaemia in essential hypertensive patients are scarce. Aim: To assess the microalbuminuria, dyslipidaemia in essential hypertensive patients and also, to correlate these parameters with Blood Pressure (BP). Materials and Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry at Veer Surendra Sai Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (VIMSAR), Sambalpur, Odisha, India, from January 2020 to February 2021. The study included 70 healthy individuals as controls and 70 essential hypertensive patients as cases in the age group of 25 to 55 years. According to Joint National Committee (JNC) 7 guidelines, out of 70, 20 cases were categorised as stage I (BP≥140-159/90-99 mmHg) and 50 as stage II (BP≥160/100 mmHg). Renal profile, lipid profile, total protein and albumin, microalbumin and Albumin-creatinine Ratio (ACR) were evaluated. Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to statistically analyse the data. Results: In the present study, 38 (54.3%) were males and 32 (45.7%) were females. Whereas, in controls, 44 (62.8%) were males and 26 (37.2%) were females. The mean age in cases 44.4±8.58 years, Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) 156.0±35.1 mmHg, Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) 101±12.9 mmHg, serum creatinine 1.08±0.29 mg/dL, serum uric acid 7.37±1.8 mg/dL, serum total cholesterol 171±44.7 mg/dL, serum triglycerides 173±48.4 mg/dL, Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) 107±38.8 mg/dL, Very Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (VLDL-C) 35.1±10.2 mg/dL, microalbuminuria 75±31.9 mg/L, and urinary ACR 78±44.1 were significantly increased and serum High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) 31.7±7.07 mg/dL levels were decreased in cases than controls. Urinary ACR was significantly increased in stage II. ACR was positively correlated with SBP, DBP, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL-C and negatively correlated with HDL-C. Conclusion: Blood pressure was positively correlated with lipid profile parameters, except HDL-C. Increased urinary albumin excretion rate may be useful and inexpensive marker for the identification of patients with higher cardiovascular risk and organ damage.