Correlation between serum levels of human cartilage glycoprotein-39, transforming growth factor-β1 and cognitive function in diabetic patients

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Objective To investigate the correlation between serum levels of human cartilage glycoprotein-39 (YKL-40), transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and cognitive function in diabetic patients. Methods A retrospective study was performed on 150 cases of patients with type 2 diabetes who were admitted from January 2016 to January 2018.Diabetic patients were divided into two groups, cognitive impairment (CI) group and non-cognitive impairment (NCI) group, according to the simple mental state scale (MMSE) score.The 64 patients in the CI group had MMSE score less than or equal to 27, and 86 patients in the NCI group had MMSE score greater than or equal to 28.A total of 100 healthy people who were performed physical examination during the same period were selected as the healthy control group.Basic data, serum YKL-40 and TGF-β1 levels were compared between each group, and Pearson correlation analysis and logistic multiple regression correlation analysis were performed. Results Duration of diabetes, fasting blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) in the CI and NCI groups, triglycerides, YKL-40, TGF-β1[(8.16±2.73) years, (6.53±2.25) years; (9.24±3.27) mmol/L, (7.51±2.49) mmol/L; (8.23±1.58) %, (6.47±1.52) %; (1.91±0.35) mmol/L, (1.96±0.41) mmol/L; (83.14±13.61) ng/ml, (68.35±11.26) ng/ml; (312.48±46.92) pg/ml and (174.39±35.28) pg/ml] were significantly higher than those of the healthy control group [no; (4.79±1.63) mmol/L; (5.16±1.34) %; (1.53±0.28) mmol/L; (36.49±9.13) ng/ml; (65.93±13.47) pg/ml], and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Duration of diabetes, fasting glucose, HbAlc, YKL-40, TGF-β1[(8.16±2.73) years; (9.24±3.27) mmol/L; (8.23±1.58) %; (83.14±13.61) ng/ml; (312.48±46.92) pg/ml] were significantly higher in the CI group than in the NCI group [(6.53±2.25) years; (7.51±2.49) mmol/L; (6.47±1.52) %; (68.35±11.26) ng/ml; (174.39±35.28) pg/ml], the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Immediate memory, visual span, speech function, attention, delayed memory and total scores in the CI group [(73.58±14.25); (81.39±11.07); (90.36±14.41); (91.67±13.05); (83.14±11.75); (84.19±10.47)] were significantly lower than those in the NCI group and the healthy control group [(85.29±13.27), (92.51±13.99), (100.25±13.69), (101.36±15.27), (101.25±13.08), (102.48±13.27), (114.16±12.84), (115.37±14.62), (89.37±11.83), (95.06±12.47), (93.61±11.53), (94.26±12.37)], the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Immediate memory and delayed memory in NCI group [(85.29±13.27) scores and (89.37±11.83) scores] were significantly lower than those in healthy control group [(92.51±13.99) scores and (95.06±12.47) scores], and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that YKL-40 and TGF-β1 were negatively correlated with immediate memory, visual span, speech function, attention, delayed memory and total score (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that YKL-40 and TGF-β1 were independent risk factors for cognitive impairment in diabetic patients. Conclusion YKL-40 and TGF-β1 are risk factors for cognitive dysfunction in diabetic patients, and their levels can be tested to predict cognitive dysfunction in diabetic patients for early intervention. Key words: Human cartilage glycoprotein 39; Transforming growth factor β1; Diabetes; Cognitive impairment