Correlation between science and worldview in the light of M. Heidegger’s fundamental ontology

Abstract

The article clarifies the correlation between science, philosophy and worldview in the light of M.Heideggers fundamental ontology. Theworldview, according to Heidegger, is a way of self-understanding and self-interpretation of man in the modern (modern European) science. Both worldview and private sciences have a positive character. That means that ideology, like private sciences, deals with things and not with existence. The question of worldview (the correlation between philosophy and worldview) is essential for the institutional identity of phenomenological philosophy as such. The author shows that the specific character and originality of Heidegger's philosophical project (fundamental ontology) is largely connected with a consistent and essentialdistinction between philosophy and worldview. The relation of the phenomenon of worldview with humanism and anthropocentrism is explained. According to Heidegger, humanism and anthropocentrism are part of any worldview, worldview as such, not only a certain type of worldview. The meaning of Heideggers disidentification of the concepts of essence (Seiende) and object (Gegenstand) for fundamental ontology in general and the interpretation of ideology and science in particular is identified. It is established that, as a rule, Heidegger understands science not as the totality of positive sciences (sciences of the essence), and not as a special type of perception, but as the dimension of the being of essence and the way of entity of essence, that was established and became dominant in European culture of themodern age.