Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the correlation between optic disc deformation and retinal vasculature in high myopia. A total of 130 eyes with non-pathological high myopia were included in the current cross-sectional study. β-zone parapapillary atrophy (β-PPA), optic disc tilt ratio, and horizontal and vertical disc diameters were analyzed using fundus color photography. A 3x3 mm grid and a 4.5x4.5 mm grid were used to scan parafoveal and peripapillary regions, respectively, using optical coherence tomography angiography. Vessel flow density (VFD) and fractal dimension of the retina, as well as the foveal avascular zone (FAZ), were analyzed and quantified using en face projection images. Optic disc parameters that were associated with vascular changes were determined using multiple linear regression analysis. The results from the multivariate analysis revealed that β-PPA was negatively correlated with the VFD of the superficial retinal plexus (R=-2.805; P=0.006), deep retinal plexus (R=-2.801; P=0.006), radial parapapillary capillaries (R=-3.936; P<0.001) and enhanced-depth imaging of the fovea (R=-2.161; P=0.034). Additionally, FAZ was not significantly correlated with any factors in the current study. Age was negatively correlated with the VFD of the retina (R=-4.234; P<0.001), while the optic tilt ratio (R=-2.291; P=0.025) was negatively correlated with three sectors in the deep layer. Overall, the present results demonstrated that optic disc deformation was negatively correlated with the retinal microvasculature in non-pathological high myopia, particularly in the radial peripapillary capillaries and the deep retinal plexus. Therefore, optic disc deformation may be used to predict the retinal vasculature in high myopia.
Highlights
Myopia is one of the most commonly reported ocular disor‐ ders worldwide, and there has recently been a significant increase in the myopic population in China [1]
A total of 130 eyes from 77 participants with nonpathological high myopia were analysed in this study
The results from the regression analysis revealed that each sector of the macular superficial layer was negatively correlated with β‐zone parapapillary atrophy (β‐PPA), while the nasal sector was negatively correlated with age (R=‐2.116; P=0.038)
Summary
Myopia is one of the most commonly reported ocular disor‐ ders worldwide, and there has recently been a significant increase in the myopic population in China [1]. Since the retinal microvasculature directly supplies O2 and nutrients to the retinal tissues, this vasculature is more susceptible to myopia‐related alterations [4]. Understanding these changes to the retinal large vessels and microvasculature will aid in the early diagnosis and monitoring of retinopathy in patients with high myopia. Only large vessels could be imaged, and invasive methods were required, such as fluorescein angiography [5]. These imaging modalities may prevent researchers from investigating alterations to the retinal microvasculature as early indicators of the onset of retinopathy. With the recent advances in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), the vasculature can be measured quan‐ titatively in a noninvasive manner in terms of morphological information, which can provide depth‐resolved visualization of the retinal microvasculature [6]
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