Correlation between Body Mass Index and Lipid Profile in patients with Type 2 Diabetes attending a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar.

Arshad Hussain,Fatima Yasmeen,Waqar Ahmad Kaleem,Iftikhar Ali

doi:10.12669/pjms.35.3.7

Abstract

Objective:To determine the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and lipid profile in patients with Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) attending a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar.Methods:A total of 305 patients (men, 132; women, 173) with T2DM visiting an Outpatient department in Northwest General Hospital and Research Centre, Peshawar from January 2016 to July 2016 were included in this study. The whole blood and sera were analyzed for Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TGs), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The correlation of BMI with lipid ratios and individual lipid indices were analysed.Results:Mean of BMI was 29.29±5.23. Dyslipidemia; increased TC, increased LDL-C, increased triglyceride and decreased HDL-C were noted in 40.7%, 54.1%, 69.5% and 41% respectively. The mean difference of LDL-C (p=0.006) was significant between male and female. BMI, TC, TGs, and LDL-C showed no significant correlation where as a significant negative correlation between BMI and HDL-C was observed (r=-0.125, p=0.029, R2=0.016). The mean values of TC, TG, LDL-C, TC/ HDL-C and LDL/HDL were greater in patients with normal BMI compared to overweight and obese; however, the differences were not significant. HDL-C differed significantly in BMI groups (p=0.040).Conclusion:A significant negative correlation between BMI and HDL-C was observed, while the correlation between BMI and LDL-C was observed to be insignificant. HDL-C was found significantly higher in patients with normal BMI. These results are important to indicate that there is modest impact of BMI on lipid profile. Therefore, assessment and management for altered blood lipids should not be based on a patient’s body weight or BMI.

Highlights

Diabetes is globally a fast growing public health concern, with an enormous effect on individuals and health care system, and the economy of nations.[1]
Table-I shows that the mean (SD) of HbA1c, total cholesterol (TC), TGs, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were 09.72 ± 2.62, 189.32 ± 46.68, 218.90 ± 126.24, 107.95 ± 47.10 and 52.32 ± 33.11, respectively
With regards to relationship between body mass index (BMI) and lipid profile this study showed that BMI had a negative correlation (r =-0.125, p=0.029) with HDL-C value while the others parameters like TC(r=-0.052, p=0.367), TG(r=-0.006, p=0.919), LDL-C(r=-0.021, p=0.721) did not reveal any correlation with BMI

Summary

Introduction

Diabetes is globally a fast growing public health concern, with an enormous effect on individuals and health care system, and the economy of nations.[1] In line with the latest information from the International Diabetes Federation, 451 million adults worldwide have diabetes; this number is predicted to touch the 693 million figure by 2045.2. Asian countries have the highest number of people with diabetes. Because of genetic variation and high vulnerability to environmental factors, classified via a low BMI, upper body high adiposity, excessive body fat proportion and a high degree of insulin resistance, the population of Asian Subcontinent faces higher risk for diabetes and its complications.[3,4] BMI is frequently used to categorize individuals as underweight, normal, overweight and obese.[5] It has been extensively described that BMI is a strong predictor of heart diseases and T2DM. Association of lipid profile is reported with lifestyle, intra-abdominal adiposity, obesity and BMI.[6]

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion