Abstract

Background: Hearing loss due to impaired cochlear function, which results from increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level, is one of the important clinical problems in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with uremia. This study aims to determine correlation between blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and cochlear outer hair cell (OHC) dysfunction in non-dialysis stage 3-5 CKD patients so that the BUN levels may also be used to determine the presence of cochlear OHC dysfunction.Design and methods: An observational analytic study with a cross sectional design and consecutive sampling. This study was conducted from November 2019 to February 2020 at the Department of Internal Medicine, Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, and Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Non-dialysis CKD patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were subjected to a Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) test to assess cochlear OHC function at the Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya.Results: Female patients were in larger number than male patients in a ratio of 1 : 2. Most of the patients were between 51-60 years of age. DPOAE distribution was refer in 25 patients (83.3%) and pass in 5 patients (16.7%). The highest pass was at 2000 Hz in 24 patients (80.0%), while the refer results were mostly at 12,000 Hz in 29 patients (96.7%). The highest average signal to noise ratio (SNR) was at 2000 Hz and 4000 Hz (12.77 dB and 11.13 dB), while the lowest at 11,000 Hz and 12,000 Hz (1.60 dB and 1.03 dB). Pearson’s correlation test on DPOAE results did not show a significant correlation (p>0.05) between BUN levels and impaired cochlear OHC function.Conclusions: There was no correlation between increased blood urea nitrogen levels and cochlear outer hair cell function disorders in non-dialysis patients with CKD stage 3-5. Significance for public health One of the most commonly found disabilities in the world is hearing loss, which has a prevalence of 5% of the world population or affecting 466 million people. One that contributes to the prevalence of hearing loss is Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). Its contribution to hearing loss prevalence may reach 45% to 80%. This is because CKD itself may cause malfunctions of some organs, including auditory organs. Therefore, early detection of hearing loss among patients with CKD is necessary by determining correlation of a kidney disease marker, the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and cochlear Outer Hair Cell (OHC) dysfunction. The otoacoustic emission examination (OAE) should be used to detect cochlear dysfunction as it has 95% sensitivity and 90% specificity. It was expected that by the finding of correlation between BUN levels and cochlear OHC dysfunction in CKD patients, possible hearing loss of these patients can be anticipated early.

Full Text
Published version (Free)

Talk to us

Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have

Schedule a call