Abstract
The newly issued “Guideline of General Planning of Wetland Parks”, China, reclassified the functional zoning of national wetland parks into three categories: conservation areas, restoration and reconstruction areas, and rational utilization areas. Therefore, the country is facing a new round of revision and compilation of the general planning of national wetland parks. The purpose of this paper was to provide information to guide wetland park functional zoning and to formulate the water pollution prevention and control strategy. In this study, 53 sampling points of 6 national wetland parks in Suzhou City were selected. Pearson’s correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression analysis, redundancy analysis, single factor, and comprehensive water quality identification index methods were used to analyze the effects of wetland landscape types and landscape configuration on water quality. (1) Lakes and rivers in the wetland park had positive ecological effects and should be distributed in each functional zone. (2) Grassland ecology is fragile. Grasslands should be distributed in conservation areas and in restoration and reconstruction areas. (3) Woodland and cultivated land have both ecological and economic benefits. They can be used as ecological buffer and entertainment zones, which are respectively distributed in the restoration and reconstruction areas and in the reasonable utilization areas. (4) Built-up land is highly disturbed by humans. It should only occur in the rational utilization areas and far away from the conservation areas.
Highlights
Wetlands are an important component of many cities and have multiple ecological functions, such as mitigating the urban heat island, conserving water sources, and maintaining biodiversity and the sustainable development of the human ecological environment [1,2,3,4,5,6]
(4) Built-up land is highly disturbed by humans. It should only occur in the rational utilization areas and far away from the conservation areas
Suzhou National Wetland Park can be divided into four types of landscape structures: block-like uniform, multi-layer cofferdam, multi-pond structure, and block-shaped agglomeration (Table 1)
Summary
Wetlands are an important component of many cities and have multiple ecological functions, such as mitigating the urban heat island, conserving water sources, and maintaining biodiversity and the sustainable development of the human ecological environment [1,2,3,4,5,6]. With the rapid development of human society, a large number of wetland ecosystems have been altered, and many have disappeared completely. How to protect and restore wetlands has become a worldwide scientific problem [7,8,9,10]. The water quality of wetlands is affected by a variety of environmental factors. Landscape pattern affects the hydrological processes and nutrient migration within a wetland and can alter the pollutants entering surrounding waterways [11,12,13,14,15,16,17]. Identifying relationships between landscape structure and water quality could guide scientific decision-making for wetland landscape planning and water quality improvement [18,19,20]
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