Correlation analysis of angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensinogen, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene polymorphisms and the progression of immunoglobulin A nephropathy/membranous nephropathy

Abstract

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the correlation of polymorphisms in angiotensinogen (AGT), angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) genes and the development and prognostic implications for immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN)/membranous nephropathy (MN). A polymerase chain reaction was performed for the AGT, ACE, and eNOS genes, followed by DNA sequencing and statistical analysis. There was a difference in ACE gene type II and type I between the IgAN and MN groups (P < .05) and in eNOS gene TT type and T type between the IgAN and MN groups (P < .05 and P < .01). In the IgAN group, significant differences were observed between ACE gene polymorphism and the age group of 20 years or less, male sex group, with/without hematuria, and high blood urea nitrogen (BUN; P < .05 or P < .01); between AGT gene polymorphism and with/without hematuria, high BUN, and pathologic classification (P < .05 or P < .01); and between eNOS gene polymorphism and high BUN and pathologic classification (P < .05 or P < .01). However, in the MN group, significant differences were observed between ACE gene polymorphism and the degree of proteinuria and high BUN (P < .001 and P < .05), between AGT gene polymorphism and with/without hematuria (P < .05), and between eNOS gene polymorphism and the degree of proteinuria and high BUN (P < .05 and P < .01). The ACE, AGT, and eNOS genes were correlated with the development of renal function failure in IgAN, whereas the ACE and eNOS genes were associated with the degree of proteinuria and the development of renal function failure in MN.