Correlated responses of pre- and postweaning growth and backfat thickness to six generations of selection for ovulation rate or prenatal survival in French Large White pigs

Abstract

Correlated effects of selection for components of litter size on growth and backfat thickness were estimated using data from 3 pig lines derived from the same base population of Large White. Two lines were selected for 6 generations on either high ovulation rate at puberty (OR) or high prenatal survival corrected for ovulation rate in the first 2 parities (PS). The third line was an unselected control (C). Genetic parameters for individual piglet BW at birth (IWB); at 3 wk of age (IW3W); and at weaning (IWW); ADG from birth to weaning (ADGBW), from weaning to 10 wk of age (ADGPW), and from 25 to 90 kg of BW (ADGT); and age (AGET) and average backfat thickness (ABT) at 90 kg of BW were estimated using REML methodology applied to a multivariate animal model. In addition to fixed effects, the model included the common environment of birth litter, as well as direct and maternal additive genetic effects as random effects. Genetic trends were estimated by computing differences between OR or PS and C lines at each generation using both least squares (LS) and mixed model (MM) methodology. Average genetic trends for direct and maternal effects were computed by regressing line differences on generation number. Estimates of direct and maternal heritabilities were, respectively, 0.10, 0.12, 0.20, 0.24, and 0.41, and 0.17, 0.33, 0.32, 0.41, and 0.21 (SE = 0.03 to 0.04) for IWB, IW3W, IWW, ADGBW, and ADGPW. Genetic correlations between direct and maternal effects were moderately negative for IWB (-0.21 +/- 0.18), but larger for the 4 other traits (-0.59 to -0.74). Maternal effects were nonsignificant and were removed from the final analyses of ADGT, AGET, and ABT. Direct heritability estimates were 0.34, 0.46, and 0.21 (SE = 0.03 to 0.05) for ADGT, AGET, and ABT, respectively. Direct and maternal genetic correlations of OR with performance traits were nonsignificant, with the exception of maternal correlations with IWB (-0.28 +/- 0.13) and ADGPW (0.23 +/- 0.11) and direct correlation with AGET (-0.23 +/- 0.09). Prenatal survival also had low direct but moderate to strong maternal genetic correlations (-0.34 to -0.65) with performance traits. The only significant genetic trends were a negative maternal trend for IBW in the OR line and favorable direct trends for postweaning growth (ADGT and AGET) in both lines. Selection for components of litter size has limited effects on growth and backfat thickness, although it slightly reduces birth weight and improves postweaning growth.