Abstract
Recently, three investigators questioned whether Pavlov ever used a bell. Pavlov's use of a bell in salivary conditioning was reported in Science in 1906, and similar use of a bell was shown in a film produced in Pavlov's laboratory in 1925-26. In 1923, Pavlov visited the United States and described using a bell in Lamarckian research that was published in Science, The Scientific Monthly, and in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Physiology. During this 1923 visit, Pavlov was robbed in New York's Grand Central Station in a manner that may be described aptly as a mugging. Published accounts have differed significantly, and some appear fabricated. This article tries to set the record straight on Pavlov's bell and Pavlov's mugging.
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