Correcting for asymmetry of the proximal tibial epiphysis is warranted to determine postoperative alignment deviations in kinematic alignment from planned alignment of the tibial component on the native tibia

Abstract

BackgroundIn total knee arthroplasty, unrestricted kinematic alignment aims to restore pre-arthritic lower limb alignment and joint lines. Joint line orientations of the contralateral healthy proximal tibia might be used to evaluate accuracy of tibial component alignment post-operatively if asymmetry is minimal. Our objective was to evaluate left-to-right asymmetry of the proximal tibial epiphysis in posterior tibial slope and varus-valgus orientation as related to unrestricted kinematic alignment principles. MethodsHigh resolution CT images (0.5 mm slice thickness) were acquired from bilateral lower limbs of 11 skeletally mature subjects with no skeletal abnormalities. Images were segmented to generate 3D tibia models. Asymmetry was quantified by differences in orientations required to shape-match the proximal epiphysis of the mirror 3D tibia model to the proximal epiphysis of the contralateral 3D tibia model. FindingsSystematic and random differences (i.e. mean ± standard deviation) in tibial slope and varus-valgus orientation were − 0.8° ± 1.2° and − 0.2° ± 0.8°, respectively. Ninety five percent confidence intervals on the means included 0° indicating that systematic differences were minimal. InterpretationSince random differences due to asymmetry are substantial in relation to random surgical deviations from pre-arthritic joint lines previously reported, post-operative computer tomograms of the contralateral healthy tibia should not be used to directly assess accuracy of tibial component alignment on a group level without correcting for differences in tibial slope and varus-valgus orientation due to asymmetry.