Abstract

World Health Organization (WHO) is gathering the latest scientific findings and knowledge on coronavirus disease (SARS-CoV-2) and compiling it in a database. WHO update the database daily from searches of bibliographic databases, hand searches of the table of contents of relevant journals, and the addition of other relevant scientific articles that come to our attention. The entries in the database may not be exhaustive and new research will be added regularly. Nobel coronavirus investigators, the recognition of a nobel coronavirus as the cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was certainly remarkable, yet perhaps not surprising. Advances in the biology of coronaviruses have resulted in greater understanding of their capacity for adaptation to new environments, transspecies infection, and emergence of new diseases. New tools of cell and molecular biology have led to increased understanding of intracellular replication and viral cell biology, and the advent in the past five years of reverse genetic approaches to study coronaviruses has made it possible to begin to define the determinants of viral replication, transpecies adaptation, and human disease. This summary will discuss the basic life cycle and replication of the well-studied coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), identifying the unique characteristics of coronavirus biology and highlighting critical points where research has made significant advances, and which might represent targets for antivirals or vaccines. Areas where rapid progress has been made in SCoV research will be described. Finally, areas of need for research in coronavirus replication, genetics, and pathogenesis will be summarized.

Highlights

  • In January, 2020, a novel virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified as the causative agent for a cluster of pneumonia cases initially detected in Wuhan City, Hubei province, China

  • This guideline is suitable for frontline doctors and nurses, managers of hospitals and healthcare sections, healthy community residents, personnel in public healthcare, relevant researchers, and all persons who are interested in the 2019-SARS-CoV-2 management

  • INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL DURING HEALTH CARE WHEN NOVEL CORONAVIRUS (SARSCOV2) INFECTION IS SUSPECTED. This is the first edition of guidance on infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies for use when infection with a novel coronavirus (2019-SARS-CoV-2) is suspected

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

In January, 2020, a novel virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified as the causative agent for a cluster of pneumonia cases initially detected in Wuhan City, Hubei province, China. The International Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC), UNICEF and the World Health Organization (WHO) today issued new guidance to help protect children and schools from transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The guidance provides critical considerations and practical checklists to keep schools safe It advises national and local authorities on how to adapt and implement emergency plans for educational facilities [3]. In the event of school, college & multiplex closures, the guidance includes recommendations to mitigate against the possible negative impacts on children’s learning and wellbeing This means having solid plans in place to ensure the continuity of learning, including remote learning options such as online education strategies and radio broadcasts of academic content, and access to essential services for all children. A recent modeling study confirmed that it remains prudent to consider the incubation period of at least 14 days

CASE FATALITY
VIRAL SHEEDING
COMPOSITION OF THE GUIDELINE DEVELOPMENT GROUP
THE END-USER OF THE GUIDELINE
THE TARGET POPULATION OF THE GUIDELINE
A SURVEY OF CONFLICT OF INTERESTS
ADVICE ON THE USE OF MASKS
HOUSEHOLD TRANSMISSION INVESTIGATION PROTOCOL
GLOBAL
SCOPE OF THE 2019-SARS-COV-2 INFECTION OUTBREAK
HOST AND RESERVOIR
ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION
ETIOLOGY AND PATHOGENESIS
MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY
INCUBATION AND CONTAGIOUS PERIOD
PROGNOSTIC FACTORS
CLINICAL MANIFESTATION
Findings
IMAGING EXAMINATION
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