Abstract
Corneal development is closely linked to that of the lens during eye organogenesis. In vertebrates, the cornea is made up of three layers: the epithelium, stroma, and endothelium, all of which originate from the ectoderm. The epithelium comes from the lens placodal region of the head surface ectoderm, while the stroma and endothelium derive from the periocular mesenchyme. Corneal development involves a series of cell-tissue interactions. Interactions between the head ectoderm, optic vesicle, and surrounding periocular mesenchyme control the formation of the presumptive corneal epithelium and other ocular surface epithelia. After lens separation from the surface ectoderm, periocular mesenchymal cells migrate between the lens and the presumptive corneal epithelium, eventually giving rise to the corneal endothelium and stromal keratocytes. Sensory nerves from the trigeminal ganglion densely innervate the corneal stroma and epithelium. Concurrent with corneal innervation, the limbal vascular plexus develops, establishing the avascularity of the cornea.
Published Version
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