Co-reduction synthesis of new Ln xSb 2− xS 3 (Ln: Nd 3+, Lu 3+, Ho 3+) nanomaterials and investigation of their physical properties

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New Ln x Sb 2− x S 3 (Ln: Lu 3+, Ho 3+, Nd 3+)-based nanomaterials were synthesized by a co-reduction method. Powder XRD patterns indicate that the Ln x Sb 2− x S 3 crystals (Ln=Lu 3+, Ho 3+, x=0.00−0.1 and Ln=Nd 3+, x=0.00−0.08) are isostructural with Sb 2S 3. SEM images show that doping of Lu 3+ and Ho 3+ ions in the lattice of Sb 2S 3 results in nanorods while that in Nd 3+ leads to nanoflowers. UV–vis absorption and emission spectroscopy reveal mainly electronic transitions of the Ln 3+ ions in case of Ho 3+ and Nd 3+ doped nanomaterials. Emission spectra show intense transitions from excited to ground state of Ln 3+. Emission spectra of doped materials, in addition to the characteristic red emission peaks of Sb 2S 3, show other emission bands originating from f–f transitions of the Ho 3+ ions. TGA curves indicated that Sb 2S 3 has the highest thermal stability. The electrical conductance of Ln-doped Sb 2S 3 is higher than undoped Sb 2S 3, and increase with temperature.