Abstract
A truly physisorbed state of ${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$ on Cu(100) is obtained at 20 K which shows all the gas-phase Rydberg lines at very low coverage (0.2 monolayer) in the near-edge x-ray-absorption fine-structure spectra, making it possible to have an unambiguous symmetry assignment of these electronic excitations experimentally. The present assignment differs from previous assignments of the gas-phase data. Clear evidence of two types of adsorbed species of ethylene lying flat on the surface is found, with their ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\pi}}}^{\mathrm{*}}$ complexes pointing perpendicular and parallel to the surface.
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