Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of N-Heterocyclic Compounds

Abstract

The synthesis of N-heterocyclic compounds is an important direction because of their diverse biological functions. Recently, there has been remarkable progress in copper-catalyzed cross couplings with inexpensive, readily available, insensitive-to-air and low-toxicity copper catalysts. This review summarizes recent advances in the copper-catalyzed synthesis of N-heterocyclic compounds. 1 Introduction and Background 2 Synthesis of Five-Membered Heterocycles with One Nitrogen Atom 2.1 Pyrrolidine and Pyrrole Derivatives 2.2 Indole Derivatives 2.3 Indolone and Isoindolone Derivatives 2.4 Oxazole, Isoxazole, Benzoxazole and Benzothiazole Derivatives 3 Synthesis of Five-Membered Heterocycles with Two Nitrogen Atoms 3.1 Imidazole Derivatives 3.2 Benzimidazole Derivatives 3.3 Benzimidazolone Derivatives 4 Synthesis of N-Sulfonyltriazoles 5 Synthesis of Six-Membered Heterocycles with One Nitrogen Atom 5.1 Piperidine and Pyridine Derivatives 5.2 Quinoline and Quinolinone Derivatives 5.3 Isoquinoline Derivatives 6 Synthesis of Six-Membered Heterocycles with Two Nitrogen Atoms 6.1 Quinazoline Derivatives 6.2 Quinazolinone Derivatives 7 Synthesis of N-Fused Heterocycles 8 Summary