Abstract
The reactivity of soil humic acids toward added Cu 2+ and Fe 3+ ions, the type of complexes formed and their water- and HCl-stability have been studied by infrared and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Two principal classes of binding site are available on humic acids for complexation of Cu 2+ and Fe 3+ ions: (a) one involving weak surface sites, able to bind the metal ions in complexes which are water-stable but easily disrupted by proton exchange; (b) another involving functional groups able to form highly stable, inner-sphere complexes resistant to extensive proton exchange. Iron ions compete favorably with copper ions in occupying the most stable sites. These results are applicable to problems of metal ion retention and availability in soil, including their depletion from arable and forest soils because of the acid rain.
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