Abstract
The present article analyses the relationship between coping styles, defence mechanisms and time perspectives in subjects representing type I and II alcohol dependence according to the classification developed by Lesch. The results showed that among people belonging to type I addiction according to Lesch, a higher intensity of coping style focused on emotions is associated with a higher level of immature defence mechanisms, in particular denial and devaluation. A higher intensity of task-focused coping style in type I alcohol dependent individuals according to Lesch is accompanied by the use of mature defence mechanisms, such as humour and anticipation. In the group of people with type II alcoholism according to Lesch, focusing on past positive events is associated with an increased use of avoidant coping style, as well as its two subscales – engaging in substitute activities and seeking social contacts.
Highlights
Alcohol dependence syndrome is an important social problem owing to how it develops and its medical sign, and because of the personal and health consequences for the addicts themselves
Defence mechanisms and time perspectives in patients representing type I and type II alcohol dependence according to Lesch typology
Based on the available literature, the following hypotheses were formulated: 1. There exist significant correlations between mature defence mechanisms and task-based coping style, and between emotional coping style and immature defence mechanisms in patients with type I and type II alcohol dependence according to Lesch
Summary
Alcohol dependence syndrome is an important social problem owing to how it develops and its medical sign, and because of the personal and health consequences for the addicts themselves. In the light of the above data, it seems vital to present a complete therapeutic offer for alcohol dependent individuals, as this disorder affects the functioning of the entire family system (Cierpiałowska and Ziarko 2012). It is worth remembering, that alcohol dependent people do not constitute a homogenous group, as demonstrated by studies dedicated to the typology of alcohol dependence syndrome (Babor 1996; Cloninger 1987; Pombo and Lesch 2009; Woronowicz 2009). An analysis of the psychological functioning of people with different types of alcohol dependence according to Lesch, and a search for differences in this area, would make it possible to improve the therapeutic offer, as well as provide important guidance for clinicians
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