Coordination of a sustainable reverse supply chain with revenue sharing contract

Abstract

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>In this article, a three-echelon closed-loop supply chain is considered under sustainability consideration through remanufacturing of waste materials. Depending upon quality, the collector collects the used products and forwards to the manufacturer for remanufacturing. The collector offers a reward or incentive to consumers to influence them to return the used items. The shortfall amount of collected used items, if any, is meet up by the supplier by supplying fresh raw materials. In three separate cases viz centralized, decentralized and revenue-sharing contract, optimal incentives for end-customers and optimal profits of supply chain members are determined. The revenue-sharing contract is implemented in two different settings - one including the supplier and the other one excluding the supplier. The win-win outcome for the supply chain members is investigated and a specific range of the sharing parameter for win-win outcome is obtained. Optimal results are supported by numerical analysis, and sensitivity of the optimal results with respect to key parameters is analyzed.</p>