Abstract
以两种不同抗旱性的玉米品种("陕单21"和"郑单958")和高粱品种("晋中405"和"晋杂12")为对象, 研究了土壤渐进干旱过程中茎木质部水分传输能力与光合作用之间的协调关系, 试图揭示玉米和高粱品种抗旱性差异的水力生理机制。结果表明: (1)相同土壤干旱程度下, 玉米品种"郑单958"的叶水势、净光合速率(<i>P</i>n)、最大光化学量子效率(<i>Fv/Fm</i>)和PSⅡ实际量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)高于"陕单21", 其气孔导度(<i>G</i>s)及蒸腾速率(<i>T</i>r)则低于"陕单21"。高粱品种"晋杂12"的Pn和ΦPSⅡ高于"晋中405"。表明玉米品种"郑单958"和高粱品种"晋杂12"的抗旱性相对较强。(2)土壤渐进干旱过程中, 玉米和高粱光合气体交换参数(<i>P</i>n、<i>G</i>s及<i>T</i>r)的下降早于叶绿素荧光参数(<i>Fv/Fm</i>、ΦPSⅡ)的下降, 表明气孔关闭比PSⅡ活性受损要早。(3)抗旱性强的玉米品种"郑单958"和高粱品种"晋杂12"同时具有相对高的水分传输能力, 其抵抗气穴化形成的能力更强, 但高粱抵抗气穴化的能力不如玉米, 高粱通过快速的栓塞来减少水分散失。(4)玉米<i>P</i>n和<i>G</i>s对茎木质部水分传输能力下降的敏感性高于高粱, 抗旱性强的玉米和高粱品种Gs对木质部水分传输能力下降的敏感性更强。高粱能在低水分传输能力的情况下, 维持较高的光合作用, 反映了高粱保守性的水分利用策略。
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