Abstract
The growing penetration of photovoltaic (PV) systems may cause an over-voltage problem in power distribution systems. Meanwhile, charging of massive electric vehicles may cause an under-voltage problem. The over- and under-voltage problems make the voltage regulation become more challenging in future power distribution systems. Due to the development of smart grid and demand response, flexible resources such as PV inverters and controllable loads can be utilized for voltage regulation in distribution systems. However, the voltage regulation needs to calculate the nonlinear power flow; as a result, utilizing flexible resources for voltage regulation is a nonlinear scheduling problem requiring heavy computational resources. This study proposes an intelligent search algorithm called voltage ranking search algorithm (VRSA) to solve the optimization of flexible resource scheduling for voltage regulation. The VRSA is built based on the features of radial power distribution systems. A numerical simulation test is carried out on typical power distribution systems. The VRSA is compared with the genetic algorithm and voltage sensitivity method. The results show that the VRSA has the best optimization effect among the three algorithms. By utilizing flexible resources through demand response, the tap operation times of on-load tap changers can be reduced.
Highlights
With the integration of distributed generation (DG) technologies, such as rooftop photovoltaic (PV)systems, great changes took place in power distribution systems [1]
The optimization of the three cases are carried out using the voltage sensitivity method (VSM), genetic algorithm (GA), and voltage ranking search algorithm (VRSA), respectively
The VRSA optimization time was less than 0.2 s, which is appropriate for real-time voltage regulation
Summary
With the integration of distributed generation (DG) technologies, such as rooftop photovoltaic (PV). Customers can play an active role as small producers via DG, or as virtual power plants by participating in DR programs [15] Flexible resources such as PV inverters and CLs can be utilized through the DR for solving the over- and under-voltage problems in power distribution systems. The voltage regulation needs to calculate the nonlinear power flow; as a result, utilizing flexible resources for voltage regulation is a nonlinear scheduling problem requiring heavy computational resources. Many heuristic algorithms, such as the genetic algorithm (GA) [16] and particle swarm optimization algorithm [17], were applied for solving non-linear voltage regulation problems. The Over- and Under-Voltage Problems and Voltage Regulation by Flexible Resources conclusions to the study
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