Coordinated operation for multi-EHs with different risk preferences: A hybrid approach with stochastic programming and cooperative game

Abstract

The energy hub (EH) integrates various types of energy supply equipment and loads, improving operational efficiency but bringing uncertainty. For dealing with the uncertainty factors that EH faces, the multi-EHs operation mode has more advantages than the single-EH operation mode. Therefore, a cooperative game-based coordinated model for multiple EHs with different risk preferences is built. The expected cost of all EHs is served as the objective function. Also, all EH’s conditional value at risk (CVaR) does not exceed its acceptable upper limit. The upper limit of CVaR can be obtained by solving a bi-objective optimization model for the independent operation of EH. Especially each EH has a different risk preference in the independent operation model, i.e., the weighting factor between costs and risks. Furthermore, by using scenario-based stochastic programming, the above models are transformed into linear models. Then, a novel two-factor cost allocation method for multi-EH with different risk preferences is proposed. The fixed and proportional allocation coefficient of each EH is obtained by solving a set of allocation equations based on the Shapley value. Finally, numerical studies with three EHs demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. In the case study, the overall expected cost and CVaR of multiple EHs decreased by 4.99 % and 15.88 %, respectively.