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Abstract
The development of electromobility is focused on the design and implementation of increasingly more effective electric drives. In such a system, apart from energy recovery, it is not possible to recharge the batteries while driving. Electric vehicles equipped with fuel cells and a battery (FCHEV – fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle) in a parallel configuration boast increased energy transfer capabilities. The article presents an energy flow analysis in a parallel hybrid drive system with fuel cells and a battery. The research was carried out on a 30 W vehicle made in 1:10 scale with a NiMH battery and a fuel cell with a proton exchange membrane (PEM). Increasing driving dynamics causes a 29% increase in energy consumption, 43.6% reduction of energy transfer from a fuel cell and a 23% increase of in the energy share intended for battery charging. Continuous operation of the system in full power mode ensures a much greater efficiency of energy transmission to the drive train (95%) compared to the system operating in dynamic driving conditions – 64–75%.
Highlights
The search for substitutes for conventional fuels and vehicle drives contributes to the development of hybrid drives and electric drives
The vehicle speed was recorded in real time during the drive, and it was shown in Figure 4a as a function of the travel time
Both laps took less than 3 minutes to complete, of which route 2 took 11.3 seconds less
Summary
The search for substitutes for conventional fuels and vehicle drives contributes to the development of hybrid drives and electric drives. The usefulness of hybrid drives in urban traffic conditions is confirmed both by their lower fuel consumption and by the effect they have on limiting the toxic exhaust emission components [4, 9, 28]. The simulations were based on fuel cells with a power of 35 and 50 kW, respectively, and batteries with a rated power of 36 kW This resulted in significant energy savings for driving in urban conditions. The use of an island genetic model algorithm for the optimization of the energy management system (EMS), based on a fuzzy control system, allowed to achieve hydrogen consumption reduction by 1.1%–8.4% in four drive tests, which translated into an increase in range by 1.10–9.15 km per 100 km [32]. It is not common to conduct experimental studies of this type, and the identification of phenomena occurring in the drive system can be extremely valuable due to its potential towards validating simulation tests
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