Abstract
Epithermal gold deposits are rarely well preserved in pre-Mesozoic terranes because of their low-temperature mineralization at shallow crust levels, and they are easily destroyed by subsequent erosion or depleted by tectonic events. However, several significant Late Paleozoic epithermal gold deposits have been found in the Tulasu volcanic basin in NW China, forming one of the largest gold districts in the western Tianshan Orogen. Here, we report a new 40 Ar/ 39 Ar age from a monzonite porphyry enclave hosted in andesite and apatite fission track data for 10 volcanic rocks from the Tulasu basin. These data, combined with the previous dataset, are used to perform inverse thermal modelling to quantify the district's cooling and exhumation history. Our modelling indicates a phase of burial reheating during Late Paleozoic sedimentation following mineralization, a subsequent rapid exhumation in the Jurassic to Early Cretaceous ( c. 196–128 Ma), and a slow exhumation to the present. The Mesozoic exhumation is likely related to the far-field effects of the Cimmerian orogeny along the southern Eurasian margin. Therefore, we suggest that the rapid burial by thick sediments and the slow protracted exhumation after mineralization were crucial for the preservation of the Paleozoic epithermal gold system at Tulasu.
Highlights
Epithermal gold deposits form at shallow crustal levels of
Exceptions exist in the Paleozoic western Tianshan Orogen, which lies in the southwestern Central Asian Orogenic Belt (Fig. 1A; Han et al 2011)
The orogen is well endowed with numerous pre-Mesozoic epithermal gold deposits that formed during late Paleozoic accretionary and collisional processes, including two representative
Summary
Epithermal gold deposits form at shallow crustal levels of
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