Converting electronic nose into opto-electronic nose by mixing MoS2 quantum dots with organic reagents: Application to recognition of aldehydes and ketones and determination of formaldehyde in milk

Abstract

A new colorimetric sensor array based on mixing of Molybdenum disulfide quantum dots (MoS2 QDs) and organic reagents is introduced in this study. MoS2 QDs shows a specific and higher affinity to oxygen functionalized volatile compounds like aldehydes and ketones. Therefore, this designed sensor array is used for classification of eight different aldehydes and ketones based on Linear Discriminate Analysis (LDA) at first. The classification accuracy of 96% and 83% was obtained for training and prediction phases, respectively. Then the introduced colorimetric sensor array is used for the semi-quantitative and quantitative analysis of formaldehyde in milk samples. Formaldehyde is an adulteration that is added to the milk for increasing the storage time. Cow milk samples were provided directly from dairy farmer and from supermarkets and were spiked by formaldehyde in the concentration range of 1–25 ppm. The response of sensor array to these samples were analyzed by partial least squares regression (PLS-R) method and were calibrated for concentration of formaldehyde. The PLSR results (R2 = 0.94 and RMSEC = 2.36) shows that proposed sensor is useable in direct analysis of formaldehyde in milk as a complex matrix.