Abstract
A one-step catalytic process was used to catalyze the hydrodeoxygenation of 5-methyl-3-heptanone (C8 ketone) to a mixture of 5-methyl-3-heptene, 5-methyl-2-heptene (C8 alkenes), and 3-methyl heptane (C8 alkane). High conversion of C8 ketone to the desired products was achieved over a single bed of a supported catalyst (bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst) consisting of one transition metal (copper (Cu) or platinum (Pt)) loaded on alumina (Al2O3) under mild operating conditions (reaction temperatures were varied between 180 °C to 260 °C, and the pressure was 1 atm). The C8 ketone was hydrogenated to 5-methyl-3-heptanol (C8 alcohol) over metal sites, followed by dehydration of the latter on acid sites on the support to obtain a mixture of C8 alkenes. These C8 alkenes can be further hydrogenated on metal sites to make a C8 alkane. The results showed that the main products over copper loaded on alumina (20 wt% Cu–Al2O3) were a mixture of C8 alkenes and C8 alkane in different amounts depending on the operating conditions (the highest selectivity for C8 alkenes (~82%) was obtained at 220 °C and a H2/C8 ketone molar ratio of 2). However, over platinum supported on alumina (1 wt% Pt–Al2O3), the major product was a C8 alkane with a selectivity up to 97% and a conversion of 99.9% at different temperatures and all H2/C8 ketone ratios.
Highlights
Significant effort has been devoted to the development of alternative pathways of producing biofuel and chemicals from biomass as a sustainable source due to declining petroleum resources and rising oil prices
Alotaibi et al [35] investigated a number of supported metal catalysts consisting of Pt, Pd, Ru, and Cu supported on silica and activated carbon for the hydrogenation of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) in the temperature range between 100 to 400 ◦ C
Over 20% Cu–Al2 O3, the main products were a mixture of C8 alkenes and the C8 alkane, and the selectivity for the C8 alkane increased with increased temperatures resulting from further hydrogenation of C8 alkenes
Summary
Significant effort has been devoted to the development of alternative pathways of producing biofuel and chemicals from biomass as a sustainable source due to declining petroleum resources and rising oil prices. Alotaibi et al [35] investigated a number of supported metal catalysts consisting of Pt, Pd, Ru, and Cu supported on silica and activated carbon for the hydrogenation of methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) in the temperature range between 100 to 400 ◦ C. The reaction uses a heterogenous catalyst comprised of a transition metal (Cu or Pt) loaded on Al2 O3 , chosen based on the above literature This catalyst functions as Catalysts 2019, 9, x FOR PEER REVIEW a bifunctional catalyst with both hydrogenation and dehydration activity. Quite selective to C8 alkenes and C8 alkane in the presence of hydrogen in a single stage
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