Conversion Equation between the Drop Height in the New York University Impactor and the Impact Force in the Infinite Horizon Impactor in the Contusion Spinal Cord Injury Model.

Abstract

There are several widely used devices for controlled contusion of the spinal cord, including the Ohio State University device, the University of British Columbia multi-mechanisms injury device, the New York University (NYU) impactor, and the Infinite Horizon (IH) impactor. Although various devices and protocols have been used to generate consistent injury severities, further investigation of the relationship between the key parameters of different spinal cord injury (SCI) contusion devices (e.g., drop height in the NYU impactor and impact force in the IH impactor) will improve our understanding of SCI mechanisms. A three-dimensional finite element model of the rat spinal cord from T9 to T10 that included the white and gray matters, dura mater, and cerebrospinal fluid was developed to investigate the von-Mises stress, maximum principal strain, and maximum displacement of the spinal cord for the drop height in the NYU impactor and the impact force in the IH impactor. A quantitative relationship was established as a conversion equation between two key parameters--i.e., the drop height and the impact force--in the NYU and IH impactors from regression equations for peak von-Mises stress, peak maximum principal strain, and maximum displacement in the spinal cord with respect to drop height and impact force with very high coefficients of determination. The consistent correlation was represented as a simple equation (Force = (28.2 ± 3.2) · Height((0.83 ± 0.07))) under the experimental conditions of a 10-g rod in the NYU impactor and an impact velocity of 125 mm/sec in the IH impactor. Thus, the key biomechanical parameter for a contusion device can be converted or translated to that of another device to analyze experimental results from multiple contusion devices.