Abstract

Abstract We present recent results on the preparation of stoichiometric C 3 N 4 and its hardness which is far below the theoretically expected value. A comparison with the turbostratic substoichiometric CN 0.2–0.35 films prepared by Sundgren et al. shows the dominant importance of the microstructure. Based on some general rules a concept for the design of thermodynamically stable superhard nanocrystalline composite materials is presented and verified experimentally on three systems: nc-TiN/a-Si 3 N 4 , nc-VN/a-Si 3 N 4 and nc-W 2 N/a-Si 3 N 4 . Hardness of about 5000 kg mm −2 (about 50 GPa) or more and a high elastic modulus of 550 GPa were found in all these systems.

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