Abstract
In this work, different strategies of ultrasonication (continuous, single pulse, and multiple pulse) are compared for control of the product crystal size distribution of three model API compounds: piracetam, paracetamol, and ibuprofen. Experiments have been performed on 0.5 and 3 L scales continuously recorded by FTIR and FBRM. Irrespective of the sonication operating mode, sonication in general produced smaller sized crystals with a more narrow size distribution in comparison to those for a normal cooling crystallization process. A multiple-pulse sonication mode, in particular, was capable of delivering more narrow size distributions. Sonication power per unit mass of solution does not appear to be a relevant scaling-up parameter.
Published Version
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