Controlling factors analysis of pCO2distribution in the Western Arctic Ocean in summertime

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The uptake of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) by the Arctic Ocean has been changing because of the rapid sea-ice retreat with global warming. The Chukchi Sea is the only gateway of the warm and nutrient-rich Pacific Ocean water flowing into the North Pole, and the high productivity-water had great impact on the CO 2 uptake by the Arctic Ocean. We used the in situ underway data of aquatic partial pressure of CO 2 (pCO 2 ), temperature and salinity, as well as the remote sensing data of sea ice concentration, chlorophyll concentration, sea surface temperature in August in 2008, 2011 and 2012 to analyze the major controlling factors of aquatic pCO 2 in the Western Arctic Ocean. We analyzed the pCO 2 variation under the effects of thermodynamic process (temperature), mixing of water mass (salinity), biological drawdown (chlorophyll), and sea ice concentration. The aquatic pCO 2 was generally unsaturation relative to the atmospheric CO 2 in most of the Western Arctic Ocean. According to different controlling mechanisms, the study area was divided into three parts: the area affected by the Pacific Ocean water (mainly in the Chukchi Sea), the area where sea ice mostly melted with weak biological production (the southern Canada Basin and the Western Beaufort Sea), and the area mostly covered by sea ice (the Northern Canada Basin). The aquatic pCO 2 was low in the Chukchi Sea with the influence of the Pacific Ocean water. While, pCO 2 in the area where sea ice melted was up to 360-380 μatm because of warming, CO 2 invasion from the atmosphere, and a low biological production. For the Canada Basin, it was controlled by temperature change and sea ice cover. The remote sensing data in large spatial-temporal scale can help to understand the pCO 2 variation and its response to global change; and it needs to develop satellite algorithm of pCO 2 based on the quantification of controlling processes.