Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is considered a public threat, with antibiotics increasing their resistance. Essential oils (EOs) have demonstrated significant effects against microorganisms. However, due to their volatile nature, they cannot be used in their free-state. Here, hydrogel-like films were produced from a combination of sodium alginate (SA) and gelatin (GN) to serve as delivery platforms for the controlled release of cinnamon leaf oil (CLO) entrapped within chitosan (CS) microcapsules. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CLO was established at 39.3 mg/mL against P. aeruginosa. CS microcapsules were prepared via ionotropic gelation with tripolyphosphate (TPP), encapsulating CLO at MIC. Successful production was confirmed by fluorescent microscopy using Nile red as a detection agent. Microcapsules were embedded within a biodegradable SA/GN polymeric matrix processed by solvent casting/phase inversion with SA/GN used at 70/30 polymer ratio at 2 wt.% SA concentration. A concentration of 2 wt.% CaCl2 was used as a coagulation bath. The CLO-containing CS microcapsules’ homogeneous distribution was guaranteed by successive vortex and blending processes applied prior to casting. CLO controlled release from the films was monitored in physiological pH for 24 h. Hydrated films were obtained, with the presence of loaded CS capsules being confirmed by FTIR. Qualitative/quantitative antimicrobial examinations validated the loaded film potential to fight P. aeruginosa.

Highlights

  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, asporogenous and monoflagellated bacteria of major clinical importance. It is a very powerful opportunistic human pathogen that survives under a great variety of conditions, causing infections, in immunocompromised cancer patients and in patients suffering from burns and cystic fibrosis [1]

  • The cinnamon leaf oil (CLO) interference with the Gram-negative bacteria cell membrane was examined via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) after 24 h of contact

  • P. aeruginosa cells may present polar flagella that confer the cells with mobility [21,22]

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Summary

Introduction

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, asporogenous and monoflagellated bacteria of major clinical importance. It is a very powerful opportunistic human pathogen that survives under a great variety of conditions, causing infections, in immunocompromised cancer patients and in patients suffering from burns and cystic fibrosis [1]. P. aeruginosa-derived infections are difficult to eradicate due to this bacterium elevated intrinsic antibiotic resistance. As a result, this microorganism is categorized by the Infectious Diseases Society of America as a human pathogen with clinically relevant antibiotic resistance [2,3].

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