Abstract
Rechargeable lithium batteries are the most practical and widely used power sources for portable and mobile devices in modern society. Manipulation of the electronic and ionic charge transport and accumulation in solid materials has always been crucial for rechargeable lithium batteries. The transport and accumulation of lithium ions in electrode materials, which is a diffusion process, is determined by the concentration distribution of lithium ions and the intrinsic structure of the electrode material and thus far has not been manipulated by an external force. Here, we report the realization of controllable two-dimensional movement and redistribution of lithium ions in metal oxides. This achievement is one kind of centimeter-scale control and is achieved by a magnetic field based on the ‘current-driving model’. This work provides additional insight for building safe and high-capacity rechargeable lithium batteries.
Highlights
Rechargeable lithium batteries are the most practical and widely used power sources for portable and mobile devices in modern society
There are three prerequisites in the ‘current-driving model’: a solid–liquid interface with dynamic exchange of Li ions, a magnetic field, and work being done on the system
Li ions in the electrolyte must overcome the high barrier EL to intercalate into the metal oxide and the low barrier ES prevents the intercalated Li ions from escaping out of the metal oxide
Summary
Rechargeable lithium batteries are the most practical and widely used power sources for portable and mobile devices in modern society. We report the realization of controllable two-dimensional movement and redistribution of lithium ions in metal oxides This achievement is one kind of centimeterscale control and is achieved by a magnetic field based on the ‘current-driving model’. 1234567890():,; In the field of electrochemistry, the development of intercalation theory indicates that fast transport and accumulation of lithium (Li) ions in solid materials can be achieved[1]. The planar movement and distribution of Li ions in electrode materials still cannot be controlled by an external force For this reason, rechargeable lithium batteries face numerous problems and safety concerns, with Li dendrites as the most representative example[32,33]. We report the controllable two-dimensional (2D) movement and redistribution of Li ions in metal oxides by a magnetic field based on the ‘current-driving model’. This ubiquitous ‘current-driving model’ can be used to control Li ions in different metal oxides (WO3, TiO2, Nb2O5, and MoO3) and has been proven work for controlling other cations (H+, Na+, Zn2+, and Ca2+)
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