Abstract
The rapid development of the automotive and aerospace industries has led to an increasingly urgent need for electromechanical coupling materials and devices. Here, we have demonstrated the tunable piezo-flexoelectric effect in ferroelectric Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 materials for scavenging vibration energy. The positive peak output current of an ITO/Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3/Ag cantilever device based on the flexoelectric effect is only 45 nA at room temperature, which is promoted to 90 nA by the piezo-flexoelectric effect. In addition, the piezo-flexoelectric current of the device can be further boosted to 270 nA by increasing the working temperature to 41.0 °C with a corresponding enhancement ratio of 348.28%. The significantly improved piezo-flexoelectric current is ascribed to the ultrahigh dielectric constant, which is related to the tetragonal-cubic phase transition of the Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 materials. This work reveals the temperature-modulated piezo-flexoelectric effect in ferroelectric Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 materials, providing a convenient route for scavenging and sensing of vibration energy.
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