Control of relay synchronization in multiplex networks by time delay

Abstract

Remote (or relay) synchronization in multilayer networks between parts of one layer and their counterparts in a second layer, where these two layers are not directly connected, has recently provoked much interest. A simple realization of such a system is a triplex network where a relay layer in the middle, which is generally not synchronized, acts as a transmitter between two outer layers; an example is provided by the hippocampus connecting distant parts of the brain. We find various partial synchronization patterns, in particular chimera states, i.e., complex patterns of coexisting coherent and incoherent domains, and establish time delay in the inter-layer coupling as a powerful tool of control. We demonstrate that the three-layer structure of the network allows for synchronization of the coherent domains of chimera states in the first layer with their counterparts in the third layer, whereas the incoherent domains either remain desynchronized or synchronized. As model dynamics we use the paradigmatic FitzHugh-Nagumo system.