Abstract
It has become crucial, with the dwindling of energy resources related to the depletion risk of fossil and fissile resources, to find energy alternatives which have the same properties as those of a hydrocarbon in terms of transport and storage. In this context, the fuel cell appears as a very serious element both at the industrial and research levels. The aim of the manuscript is to highlight the bond graph representation in order to control energy systems incorporating renewable and electrochemical sources, particularly Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The main issue here is, to control the incoming hydrogen and oxygen flows to the electrodes based on a fuel cell bond graph model developed under 20-sim software and to regulate the output current delivered by the fuel cell while respecting its static characteristic curve and by adjusting the oxygen flow at the cathode and the hydrogen flow at the anode.
Highlights
The development of new energy sources is a major challenge of the 21st century to get alternatives to fossil energies that have negative impacts on the environment
The increase in reagent concentration is related to the increase in pressure, which leads to an augmentation of the exchange current density. This manuscript has focused on the study and implementation of controllers on both sides of the Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cell
We have reminded the principle operation of the PEM fuel cell and its different auxiliaries
Summary
The development of new energy sources is a major challenge of the 21st century to get alternatives to fossil energies that have negative impacts on the environment. The hydrogen technologies and especially the low temperature fuel cells replace many assets to be the energy generators of the future. Hydrogen seems as a very serious element, even if it is only an energy carrier, not a primary resource. This gas replaces batteries for electricity storage in the longterm and allows, on one side to meet the requirements of energy consumers and on the other to overcome the randomness of these production modes. Today manufacturers consider fuel cells as an attractive alternative to the conventional energy sources in which they participate and invest in the development of this low emission technology of harmful gases
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