Abstract
A hybrid system was analyzed and optimized to produce electric energy in non-interconnected zones in the Colombian Caribbean region, contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the improvement in efficient energy management. A comparative analysis of the performance of hybrid was conducted using a proposed model, built with historical data for meteorological conditions, wind speed, and solar radiation. The model is integrated by a Southwest Wind Power Inc. wind turbine AIR 403, a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM), an electrolyzer, a solar panel, and a regulator based on proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) controllers to manipulate oxygen and hydrogen flow entering in the fuel cell. The transient responses of the cell voltage, current, and power were obtained for the demand of 200 W under changes in solar radiation and wind speed for each day of the year 2013 in different meteorological stations, such as Ernesto Cortissoz airport, Puerto Bolívar, Alfonso Lopez airport, and Simon Bolívar airport. Through the adjustment of the hydrogen and oxygen flow into the fuel cell, the maximum contribution of power generation from the fuel cell was presented for the Simon Bolívar airport in November with a value of 158.35 W (9.45%). Multiobjective design optimization under a Pareto diagram front is presented for each place studied to minimize the levelized cost of energy and CO2 emission, where the objective control variables are the number of panel and stack in the photovoltaic (PV) system and PEM.
Highlights
As a measure to the global issue of greenhouse gas emissions and global warming, several countries around the world [1], especially countries in development processes [2], such as India, Pakistan, Nepal, Afghanistan, and so on [3], have begun to diversify their energy matrix by incorporating renewable energy generation systems [4]
The main contribution of this study is to evaluate the complementarity of wind, solar, and electric power generation in a proton-exchange fuel cell (PEM), through a mathematical model of a hybrid system operating in different places in the Colombian Caribbean Region for a specific demand of 200 W
Under the dynamic conditions established by the hybrid energy power generation system (HEPGS) in the different places of interest, the complementarity of solar and wind energy with the energy delivered by the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEM) cell was evaluated to supply the 200 W demand
Summary
As a measure to the global issue of greenhouse gas emissions and global warming, several countries around the world [1], especially countries in development processes [2], such as India, Pakistan, Nepal, Afghanistan, and so on [3], have begun to diversify their energy matrix by incorporating renewable energy generation systems [4]. The potential for growth of these generation systems has allowed this solution to be positioned as a mature technology in the energy sector, attracting the interest of the European scientific community [5], which plays an essential role for the improvement of worldwide environmental indicators [6]. Several countries such as China, USA, Germany, Spain, and others have been using renewable energy resources during the last decade [7]. In order to achieve an energy availability at medium and long term, the country must have proper support which takes into consideration the appropriate complementarity and implementation of all technologies and energy sources available
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