Control of EV Charging and BESS to Reduce Peak Powers in Domestic Real Estate

Abstract

The paper discusses the effects of electric vehicle (EV) charging and battery energy storage systems (BESS) on monthly peak powers in domestic apartment buildings. The introduced control method for both EV charging and BESS utilizes real-time measurements and memorized peak power consumptions to determine the available power before exceeding the previous peak power. This kind of control method could lead to cost savings if the power-based distribution tariff of distribution system operators (DSO) includes a price component based on monthly peak power. Some Finnish DSOs have also launched this kind of power-based distribution tariff for small-scale customers. Simulations indicate that EVs can likely be charged without increasing the monthly peak powers of real estate when EV penetration is relatively small. Higher EV penetration would lead to a higher risk of some EVs to not fully charge. There are also indications that BESS can be effective in limiting monthly peak powers when utilizing the peak saving control method.