Abstract
We have used a variety of different applied fields to control the density, growth,and structure of colloidal crystals. Gravity exerts a body force proportional to thebuoyant mass and in equilibrium produces a height-dependent concentrationprofile. A similar body force can be obtained with electric fields on chargedparticles (electrophoresis), a temperature gradient on all particles, or an electricfield gradient on uncharged particles (dielectrophoresis). The last is particularlyinteresting since its magnitude and sign can be changed by tuning theapplied frequency. We study these effects in bulk (making ‘dielectrophoreticbottles’ or traps), to control concentration profiles during nucleation andgrowth and near surfaces. We also study control of non-spherical andoptically anisotropic particles with the light field from laser tweezers.
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