Abstract
The many invasive characteristics of Vitex rotundifolia L. f. [beach vitex (BV)] and the ecological concerns surrounding its presence along the coast have necessitated the development of effective control methods. The purpose of these studies was to evaluate various herbicides using cut stem and foliar application methods to develop effective control strategies. An observational case study on a beach dune site indicated that beach vitex regrowth occurred three years after the initial cut stem glyphosate (treatments at 2.4 g ai·cm−1 (0.2 oz ai·in−1) and served to direct experiments using both greenhouse and field studies. Glyphosate, imazapyr, and triclopyr were evaluated in greenhouse studies. An imazapyr solution at 1.2 g ai·cm−1 (0.1 oz ai·in−1) applied to recently cut stems effectively controlled beach vitex in both greenhouse and field studies. Foliar applications of imazapyr in greenhouse and field studies confirmed that it effectively controlled beach vitex at rates of 1.0, 1.4 and 2.0 kg ai·ha−1 (0.89, 1.25 and 1.79 lb ai·A−1). Imazapyr effectively controlled beach vitex in these studies whether applied either as a cut stem treatment or as a foliar spray application. Ineffective control was observed from glyphosate and triclopyr applications, which resulted in beach vitex regrowth.
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