Abstract
Plants have evolved sophisticated root systems that help them to cope with harsh environmental conditions. They are typically composed of a primary root and lateral roots (LRs), but may also include adventitious roots (ARs). Unlike LRs, ARs may be initiated not only from pericycle cells, but from various cell types and tissues depending on the species. Phytohormones, together with many other internal and external stimuli, coordinate and guide every step of AR formation from the first event of cell reprogramming until emergence and outgrowth. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the molecular mechanisms controlling AR formation and highlight the main hormonal cross talk involved in its regulation under different conditions and in different model systems.
Highlights
Unlike most animals, plants have developed remarkable capacities of regeneration and propagation
This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record
Ruedell et al (2015) found that expression of ARF6 and ARF8 was induced in difficult-to-root Eucalyptus globulus donor plants treated with far-red enriched light, and after cutting. This induction coincided with the promotion of adventitious root (AR) formation under these conditions. These results suggest that ARF6 and ARF8, which were identified as positive regulators of AR formation in Arabidopsis, may be key elements of an AR initiation (ARI) mechanism that has been conserved across diverse taxa
Summary
This article has been accepted for publication and undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Control of adventitious root formation: Insights into synergistic and antagonisTtihc ihsoarmrotincalleinitserpacrtoiotnesc.tPehdysbioylocgoiapPylarnigtahrut.mA, ll rights reserved. Plants have evolved sophisticated root systems that help them to cope with harsh environmental conditions. They are typically composed of a primary root (PR) and lateral roots (LRs), but may include adventitious roots (ARs). In this review we summarize recent advances in the molecular mechanisms controlling AR formation and highlight the main hormonal cross-talk involved in its regulation under different conditions and in different model systems. Abbreviations – ABA, abscisic acid; ABCB19, ATP BINDING CASSETTE TYPE B 19; ACC, 1aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid; AR, adventitious root; ARI, adventitious root initiation; ARF, AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR; ASA1, ANTHRANILATE SYNTHASE ALPHA 1; ASB1, ANTHRANILATE SYNTHASE BETA 1; BR, brassinosteroid; CK, cytokinin; ET, ethylene; ERF, ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR; GA, gibberellic acid; GH3, Gretchen Hagen; IBA, indole-3butyric acid; JA, jasmonic acid; JA-Ile, (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine; LR, lateral root; MeJA, methyl jasmonate; NAA, 1-naphthalene acetic acid; NPA, naphthylphthalamic acid; PAT, polar auxin transport; SA, salicylic acid; SL, strigolactone; TCL, thin cell layer; WEI2, WEAK ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2
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