Abstract
In biology, function follows form. Less succinctly put, the biological/biochemical function of a protein is dictated by its three-dimensional (3D) structure. To fully comprehend how proteins work in isolation and how proteins cooperate with one another and with other molecules large or small to support life, or through mutations and other perturbations cause disease, they must often be visualized at the atomic level. Our knowledge of protein structure is limited to a small fraction of proteins encoded by the human genome or those found elsewhere in nature. With the advent of high-throughput genome sequencing and the availability of genome sequences for >500 organisms, mechanistic studies in biology have been transformed by the need to examine gene products in parallel. This broadened scope of biomedical research stimulated development of numerous high-throughput methods. Among early adopters of this approach was a cadre of biologists, both academic and industrial, enabled by numerous technological advances, who undertook high-throughput structural characterization of proteins to improve our understanding of biology and human health/disease. Such efforts catalyzed initiation of structural genomics programs globally.
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