Abstract
to reflect on the contributions of Jean Watson's theory to the nurses' holistic critical thinking. This is a theoretical reflection article, on which scientific productions about Jean Watson's human care theory, published in national and international periodicals, were based. Jean Watson's theory and its contribution to the nurses' holistic critical thinking; the interface of critical holistic thinking in teaching the nursing diagnosis process according to Watson's theory; contributions of critical holistic thinking to the nursing field. Jean Watson's theory is based on the humanistic aspects and on the ethical and spiritual dimensions of care, considering the characteristics of each individual and their bio-psycho-spiritual-social needs, which can contribute fundamentally to the development of holistic critical thinking and to the role of the nurse in care, teaching and research fields.
Highlights
Contributions of Jean Watson’s theory to holistic critical thinking of nurses Riegel F, Crossetti MGO, Siqueira DS. This reflection was based on the Delphi study, developed by Facione, the human care theory, by Watson, the assumptions of Capra about the holistic paradigm in health and the basic human needs theory, by Wanda Horta, with emphasis on the psychobiological, psychosocial and, especially, psycho-spiritual aspects, contributing with holistic care performed by a nurse
These guidelines define the principles, foundations, conditions and procedures established by the Higher Education Board of the Brazilian National Council of Education for the formation of nurses at national level, as well as for the organization, development and evaluation of pedagogical projects of the undergraduate nursing schools at higher education institutions
To support this paradigm shift and break with the dominant patterns, thinking critically about care, it stands out the importance of Watson’s theory, Wanda Aguiar Horta’s theory and publications of authors such as Capra and Facione. These theoretical contributions help in the formation and modeling of nurses’ critical holistic thinking, pressing for the current moment. Watson developed in her human care theory, ten charitable factors considered care needs specific to human experiences and that should be addressed by nurses: humanistic and altruistic values system; faith and hope; sensitivity to oneself and others; development of aid, trust and care relations; expression of positive and negative feelings and emotions; creative and individualized care process of troubleshooting; transpersonal teaching and learning; nurturing, protective and/or corrective, mental, physical, social and spiritual environment; assistance to human needs and existential-phenomenological and spiritual forces(5)
Summary
This reflection was based on the Delphi study, developed by Facione, the human care theory, by Watson, the assumptions of Capra about the holistic paradigm in health and the basic human needs theory, by Wanda Horta, with emphasis on the psychobiological, psychosocial and, especially, psycho-spiritual aspects, contributing with holistic care performed by a nurse. These theoretical contributions help in the formation and modeling of nurses’ critical holistic thinking, pressing for the current moment In this sense, Watson developed in her human care theory, ten charitable factors considered care needs specific to human experiences and that should be addressed by nurses: humanistic and altruistic values system; faith and hope; sensitivity to oneself and others; development of aid, trust and care relations; expression of positive and negative feelings and emotions; creative and individualized care process of troubleshooting; transpersonal teaching and learning; nurturing, protective and/or corrective, mental, physical, social and spiritual environment; assistance to human needs and existential-phenomenological and spiritual forces(5). This holistic thinking brings together professionals in order that no underestimate the degenerative organic State, but which include the spiritual practices of State care, considering the balance between mind-body-spirit taught by Watson(6)
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