Contributions of individual generators to complex power losses and flows–Part 2: algorithm and simulations

Abstract

The complex power flow tracing in primary equivalent circuit of a power network is much more important under electricity market deregulation. It is pointed out that the decomposition tracing methods for active and reactive powers (or real and imaginary currents) are not accurate. To trace complex power flows accurately a general principle is proposed to determine the sequence of the element's equivalent branches in calculation. Then the fundamental theory proposed in Part 1 is applied to the element's equivalent circuits to derive theoretically the nonlinear relationship between element complex loss components and the complex power components flowing into the element from individual generators. The accurate nonlinear relationship between the complex power components flowing into and out of an element from a power source is therefore obtained. A recursive algorithm is given to find accurately the contributions of individual complex power sources to element complex losses and flows and load powers. Since there is no approximation the algorithm is accurate. Starting from power flow solutions, practical power systems and the IEEE 30-bus system are simulated, and finally analysed.