Abstract
Tebessa is located in the Algerian North East. It is characterized by a semi-arid continental climate with an average interannual precipitation of less than 400 mm. It belongs to the Eastern Saharian Atlas field along the Tunisian borders. It is drained by a certain number of the wouady of which Chabro and Bouakous are the most important. The surface area of the region extends over 420.6 km2. Problem statement: This region has been a very intense drought during the last 20 years (1980/2000). This drought has generally led to: a general lowering of the water table; the draining water from low depth wells; in particular, the unwatering of the pumping equipment, involving a reduction of the flow drillings and the drying-up of the natural springs. Approach: Therefore, the quantitative and qualitative repercussions were shown on groundwater resources in the area. Four sampling of two years (2005, 2006) has been realized during the high and low waters period. The chemical analysis and the piezometric measures have been done to raise up representative quality and the chart piezometric of the current water table state. Results: The hydro-chemical survey of the groundwater quality, as well as its evolution in the time and the space is become very necessary; especially when the water was destined to the supply of drinking water is continuously deteriorating. It was proved that, the salinity was about 4 g Lâ1, and the electric conductivity was varied between (997-9120 µS cmsâ1 in the wells and 468-2500 µS cmsâ1 in drillings). Conclusions: Thus, the results were obtained shows that, the origin of water salinity were associated to the dissolution of geological formations (evaporate and carbonated), as well as the effects of anthropogenic surface pollution.
Highlights
In the Mediterranean areas, the salinity of the underground water constitutes one of the most extensive problems these last years; because of its negative effects on the quality of the water and the decreasing of the agricultural productions
Evolution of the chemical elements: The results obtained watch that: The electric conductivity values raises between 997-9120 μS cms−1 in the well and 4682500 μS cms−1 in the drilling associated with increased salinity reaching a maximum value of 4 g L−1
The weakest contents were observed in the Hammamet zone in the west part of plain. They have the tendency to increase in the East and the Southwest progressively northwards in the Ain Chabro zone
Summary
In the Mediterranean areas, the salinity of the underground water constitutes one of the most extensive problems these last years; because of its negative effects on the quality of the water and the decreasing of the agricultural productions. The study area is situated in the northwest extremity of the city Tebessa (NE.Algerian) It belongs to the Eastern Saharian Atlas area along the Tunisian borders. The surface area of the region extends over 420.6 km, with a total population about 194000 inhabitants, distributed in the many villages and agglomeration (Fig. 1). It is characterized by a semi-arid continental climate with an average interannual precipitation of less than 400 mm. From the geological point of view, the study area is the part of the fault basin Tebessa/Morsott/Hammamet It is filled with the sediments of continental origin, with the most important hydrodynamic characteristics (K, T, S...).
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