Abstract
The structure and function of exocrine glands are negatively affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its co-morbidities, including innate and adaptive immune responses. At the same time, exocrine function may also be influenced by pharmacotherapies directed at the infectious agents. Here, we briefly review the role of the salivary glands and lacrimal glands in normal physiology and exocrine pathogenesis within the context of HIV infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), including the contribution of antiretroviral therapies on both. Subsequently, we discuss the impact of HIV infection and the types of antiretroviral therapy on disease management and therapy development efforts.
Highlights
Exocrine glands produce and secrete onto epithelial surfaces by way of ducts
This review encompassed a wide variety of topics, ranging from normal salivary/lacrimal function to pathology linked to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and medication side effects to treatment options
The salivary and lacrimal glands are both exocrine glands that produce saliva and tears, respectively, which are vital for proper organ function
Summary
Exocrine glands produce and secrete onto epithelial surfaces by way of ducts. Two important exocrine glands are the salivary glands and lacrimal glands, which produce saliva and tears, respectively. These glands, as well as breast, exocrine pancreas, and prostatic tissues, share many commonalities in their overall function, histology, and mechanism of production and secretion of fluid [1]. They are often impacted simultaneously by disease processes and a myriad of medications
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