Contribution of DNA methyltransferases to spared nerve injury induced depression partially through epigenetically repressing Bdnf in hippocampus: Reversal by ketamine

Abstract

Long-lasting pain can induce depression, which seriously affects life quality of the patients, but little is known about the underlying mechanism. Chronic neuropathic pain can modulate DNA methylation in target genes related to neuroplasticity and mood regulation, which was induced by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs). Methylation changes of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) in the hippocampus are critical for neuropathic pain and depression. Thus, we hypothesized that DNMTs are required for depression genesis, probably by repressing hippocampus Bdnf gene expression in rats with neuropathic pain, which can be rescued by ketamine. In the present study, rats were randomly subjected to spared nerve injury (SNI) or sham surgery. SNI upregulated DNMTs and downregulated Bdnf and exon I in the hippocampus and induced depression behaviors, whereas blocking the upregulation of DNMTs with RG108 alleviated SNI-induced depression by up-regulation of the expression of Bdnf and exon I. In addition, we showed that a single dose of ketamine could ameliorate SNI-induced depression-like behaviors, which was related to normalization of DNMTs and Bdnf. In conclusion, our study suggested that DNMTs-induced decreased expression of Bdnf may induce the comorbid of pain and depression, which can be prevented by ketamine.