Abstract
The continuum limit in (1 + 1)-dimensional QED is performed. It is demonstrated that a thorough treatment of all zero-mode operators leads to the identification of the θ-parameter as constant dielectric displacement on a restricted class of physical states. The dynamical background field provided by the dynamical zero mode of the gauge field component A 1 is seen to contribute only to the constant background field in the continuum limit. The results of the continuum formulation are thus reproduced under well-defined limitations starting from a formulation on the circle.
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